JAUME II

74 SOLAS(04) II-1/Reg 29.5.2 In the event of a power failure to any one of thr steering gear power units, an audible and visual alrm shall be given on the navigation bridge. PSCO observed there was no audible and visual alarm on the navigation bridge in the event of a power failure of the steering gear power unit. Action Taken: 50ac

74 SOLAS(04) II-1/Reg 29.11.2 The Angular position of the rudder shall be recognizable in the steering gear compartment. The rudder indicator could not be observed from the local control position and was improperly marked and could not accurately display the angle of the rudder. Action Taken: 50ac

74 SOLAS(04)II-1/Reg 29.11.1 The anglular position of the rudder shall be indicated on the navigation bridge. the rudder angle indicator for steering gauges on the port and STBD bridge wings were faded and difficult to read. Action Taken: 50ac

74 SOLAS(24) V/Reg 19.2.5.2 Agyro-compass heading repeater, or other means, to supply heading information visually at the emergency steering position. PSCO observed the was no gyro-compass heading repeater from the emergency steering position. Action Taken: 50ac

74 SOLAS X/3 HSC Code 4.7.6 Exit doors shall be capabale of being rapidly operated from inside and outside the craft in daylight and in darkness. The means of operation shall be obvious, rapid, and of adequate strength. PSCO found three sliding fire doors in the escape routes on the main vehicle deck unable to be opened from either side. 17abc

74 SOLAS X/3 HSC Code 7.7.6.1.3 The piping for the distribusion of fire extinguishing medium should be arranged and discharge nozzles so positioned that a uniform medium is obtained. PSCO observed a aft deluge nozzle in the port engine room blocked with debris. 17abc

74 SOLAS X/3 HSC Code 7.7.6.1.3 The piping for the distribution of the fire extinguishing medium should be arranged and discharge nozzles so positioned that a uniform medium is obtained. PSCO observed a plug in the port engine room CO2 distribution line over the port forward engine. 17abc

74 SOLAS 20 IX/3.1 ISM Code A.10.1 The company should establish procedures to ensure that the ship is maintained in conformity with the provisions of the relevant rules and regulations and with any additional requirements which may be established by the company. The technical and/or operational nature of deficiencies 02-12, 16-20, & 22 provide objective evidence of a serious failure, or lack of effectiveness, of the implementation of the ISM code. An external audit report satisfactory to the OCMI must be submitted prior to the clearance of this deficiency. 74

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 7.8.2.1 Each special category space and ro–ro space shall be fitted with an approved fixed pressure water-spraying system* for manual operation which shall protect all parts of any deck and vehicle platform in such space. PSCO observed upon activating the deluge system, that multiple sprinkler heads were inoperable as well as noted a pipe was cracked in two in Zone B, deck 3, allowing water to escape the system and cause a drop in overall pressure.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 1.7.1 The condition of the craft and its equipment shall be maintained to conform with the provisions of this code to ensure that the craft in all respects will remain fit to operate without danger to the craft or the persons onboard. PSCO observed excessive leaking in both the port and starboard engine rooms upon activating the deluge system. The water was observed to be leaking through the deck above the engine room, which is also a CO2 protected space.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 9.1.1 The machinery, associated piping systems and fittings relating to main machinery and auxiliary power units shall be of a design and construction adequate for the service for which they are intended and shall be so installed and protected as to reduce to a minimum any danger to persons on board, due regard being paid to moving parts, hot surfaces and other hazards. PSCO observed that on all four main diesel engines, the sea water piping systems were missing the valve handles rendering the system incapable of isolating in the event of an emergency.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 7.3.3 Areas of minor fire hazard, referred to in tables 7.4-1 and 7.4-2 by C, include the following spaces: tanks, voids, and areas of little to no fire risk. PSCO observed the stowage of combustibles and flammables in the BOSN locker, increasing the fire risk of the space.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 8.6.10 Every liferaft shall be stowed with its painter permanently attached to the craft and with a float-free arrangement complying with the requirements of paragraph 4.1.6 of the LSA Code so that, as far as practicable, the liferaft floats free and, if inflatable, inflates automatically should the high-speed craft sink. If a weak link is used in the float-free arrangement, it shall: be of sufficient strength to permit the inflation of the liferaft. PSCO observed vessel permanently attached a line in place of the weak link required according to their lifesaving arrangement plan.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 4.7.11 Footholds, ladders, etc., provided to give access from the inside to exits should be of rigid construction and permanently fixed in position. Permanent handholds should be provided whenever necessary to assist persons using exits, and should be suitable for conditions when the craft has developed any possible angles of list or trim. PSCO observed the egress from the stbd engine room ladder is missing hardware and is loose. Additionally, PSCO observed the escape ladder and the escape hatch in the port engine room has loose hardware, as well as a broken weld causing the ladder to fall back.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 9.1.8 The reliability of machinery installed in the craft shall be adequate for its intended purpose. PSCO observed the union and nut on the #1 hydraulic pump outlet was loose in the stbd engine room.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 7.4.2.6 The construction of all doors, and door frames in fire-resisting divisions, with the means of securing them when closed, shall provide resistance to fire as well as to the passage of smoke and flame equivalent to that of the bulkheads in which they are situated. PSCO observed the port engine room entrance fire door does not latch.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 9.1.1 The condition of the craft and its equipment shall be maintained to conform with the provisions of this code to ensure that the craft in all respects will remain fit to operate without danger to the craft or the persons on board. PSCO observed excessive pitting around the fitup repair between frames 6-7 of the port inboard side shell both fore and aft of the repair. The longitudinal contains holes and signs of wastage where fitup was welded. Additionally, PSCO observed a potential water leak on the inboard side of the hull as indicated by substantial corrosion on the longitudinal between frames 13-14 below the waterline, where a gel type milky substance was noted.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 7.6.1 The main inlets and outlets of all ventilation systems shall be capable of being closed from outside the spaces being ventilated. PSCO observed manual ventilation closure outside of the bar space was seized and unable to close due to rust.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 7.4.1.3 The hull, superstructures, structural bulkheads, decks, and deck houses shall be constructed of approved non-combustible materials having adequate structural properties. PSCO observed two sections of insulation missing in starboard hull engine room.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 9.1.8 The reliability of machinery installed in the craft shall be adequate for its intended purpose. PSCO observed a coolant leak through the temporary repair made on the #3 SSDG coolant line.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 7.6.6 All dampers shall also be capable of being remotely closed from the continously manned control station. PSCO observed fire damper SF4 leading into aft stbd side of passenger deck 3 did not close upon activation of the automatic closure.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 4.7.3 Public spaces, evacuation routes, exits, life jacket stowage, survival craft stowage, and the embarkation stations shall be clearly and permanently marked and illuminated. PSCO observed an absence of emergency escape signage and symbols in the crew mess area.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 9.1.8 The reliability of machinery installed in the craft shall be adequate for its intended purpose. PSCO observed preheat coolant line is chafed through jacket from loose deck in the aft MDE.

74 SOLAS 04 II-1/45.1.3 All electrical apparatus shall be so constructed and so installed as to not cause injury when handled or touched in the normal manner. PSCO observed openings on the high voltage panels located in both the port and starboard side engine rooms.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 1.7.1 The condition of the craft and its equipment shall be maintained to conform to provisions of this code to ensure that the craft in all respects will remain fit to operate without danger to the craft or the persons on board. PSCO observed 03 holes in the centerline bottom shell plating.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 9.1.8 The reliability of machinery installed in the craft shall be adequate for its intended purpose. PSCO observed the lip seal of the hydraulic ram is leaking hydraulic oil.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 9.2.2 The engines should be protected against overspeed, loss of lubricating oil pressure, loss of cooling medium, high temp. malfunction of moving parts and overload. PSCO observed fwd MDE turbo oil outlet in the starboard engine room was found to be leaking.

74 SOLAS 97 II-2/18.5 All waste-receptacles shall be constructed of non-combustible materials with no openings in the sides or bottom. PSCO observed combustible waste receptacle in crew mess.

74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC Code 9.1.1 The machinery, associate piping systems and fittings relating to main machinery and auxiliary power units shall be of a design and construction adequate for the service for which they are intended and shall be so installed and protected as to reduce to a minimum any danger to persons on board, due regard being paid to moving parts, hot surfaces and other hazards. PSCO observed pooling of oil in the bilge along entire length of the fwd MDE in the port engine room.

A survey either general or partial, according to the circumstances, shall be made every time a defect is discovered which affect the safety of the ship. The survey shall be such as to ensure that the necessary repairs or renewals have been effectively made, that the material and workmanship of such repairs are in all respects satisfactory, and that the ship complies in all respects with the provisions of the present Convention and the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea in force, and of the laws, decrees, orders and regulations promulgated as a result therof by the Administration. PSCO identified multiple temporary repairs to the vessel's underwater hull utilizing epoxy, clad welding, and doublers that were completed while the vessel was in dry dock. 74 SOLAS (81) I/7 (b)(iii) 60abc

Oil fuel, lubricant oil and other flammable oil lines should be screened or otherwise suitably protected to avoid, as far as practicable, oil spray or oil leakages. PSCO's observed fuel oil leaks from injectors of all 4 generators in the machinery spaces and oil leak in starboard side turbocharger for the main engine. 74 SOLAS 20 X HSC 10.2.2

Fire protection systems and fire-fighting systems and appliances shall be maintained ready for use. PSCO's observed fire main pipe leaking in storage room in the ro-ro space, ventilation not operational in the machinery space, and fire-door in vehicle deck space not fully closing. 74 SOLAS 20 II-1 / 14.1.1

Performance of crew members assigned assigned fire-fighting duties shall be periodically evaluated by conducting on-board training and drills to identify areas in need of improvement, to ensure competency in fire-fighting skills is maintained, and to ensure the operational readiness of fire-fighting organization. PSCO's observed crew improperly donning fire fighting outfits during fire drill. 74 SOLAS 20 II-2 / 15.2.2.3

After any survey of the ship under regulations 7, 8, 9, 10 has been completed, no change shall be made in structural arrangements, machinery, equipment and other items covered by the survey, without the sanction of the Administration. PSCO's observed temporary hull repair in the machinery space.

Performance of crew members assigned fire-fighting duties shall be periodically evaluated by conducting on-board training and drills to identify areas in need of improvement, to ensure competency in fire-fighting skills is maintained, and to ensure the operational readiness of the fire-fighting organization. PSCOs observed issues with the fire drill including the lifeline being caught in the fire door, improper hose management, 02 fire dampers not closing, and the fire drill checklist not being used. 74 SOLAS 20 II-2/15.2.2.3

Fire protection systems and fire-fighting systems and appliances shall be maintained ready for use. The port side aft fire station had a leaking hose and the valve wouldn't open or close, and the starboard side fire main was observed leaking below the fire pump. 74 SOLAS 20 II-2/14.1.1

All life-saving appliances and arrangements shall comply with the applicable requirements of the Code. All life-saving appliances shall be marked in accordance with LSA 4.4.9.3. PSCOs observed port side rescue boat is not labeled (examples: port of registry, nor identifying what ship it belongs to). 74 SOLAS 20 III/34 LSA Code 5.1.1.1 & 4.4.9.3

Electrical installations shall be such that: the safety of passengers, crew and ship from electrical hazards will be ensured. PSCOs observed exposed wire underneath the main engine in the port side engine room. Chief engineer stated it was not dead-ended. 74 SOLAS 04 II-1/40.1.3

All life-saving appliances and arrangements shall comply with the applicable requirements of the Code. The hydrostatic release unit if disposable, in lieu of the requirements in paragraph 4.1.6.3.6, be marked with means of determining its date of expiry. PSCOs observed the hydrostatic release units on each liferaft were not marked with an expiry date. 74 SOLAS 20 III/34 LSA Code 4.1.6.3.8

Structural fire protection, including fire-resisting divisions, and protection of openings and penetrations in these divisions, shall be kept in good order so as to ensure their required performance if a fire occurs. PSCOs noticed 02 fire dampers not closing in the vicinity of the garbage space on the cargo deck (port side aft). 74 SOLAS 20 X HSC Code 7.9.3.1

The company and the ship shall comply with the requirements of the international safety management code. For the purpose of this regulation, the requirements of the code shall be treated as mandatory. The company should establish procedures to ensure that the ship is maintained in conformity with the provisions of the relevant rules and regulations and with any additional requirements which may be established by the company. The nature of the below deficiencies provides objective evidence of a serious failure of the implementation of the ISM code. An external ISM audit report, satisfactory to the Coast Guard must be submitted prior to the clearance of this deficiency and departure. 74 SOLAS (20) IX/3.1 ISM CODE PART A/10.1

The International Load Line Certificate shall not be delivered to the ship until the officer or surveyor acting under the provisions of article 13 of the present convention has certified that the marks are correctly and permanently indicated on the ships side. The vessels load line did not match the load line certificate to include; classification society was incorrect and load line markings were not properly marked. 66 ICLL Annex I reg 9

Cargo, cargo units and cargo transport units carried on or under deck shall be so loaded, stowed and secured as to prevent as far as practicable throughout the voyage, damage or hazard to the ship and the persons on board, and loss of cargo overboard. Approximately 15% of the total D-rings to secure vehicles to the deck are missing. Vessel’s monthly maintenance logs for the cargo securing equipment and maintenance checklist was unavailable for the lashing devices and lashing points. 74 SOLAS (20) VI/5.1

Escape routes shall not be obstructed by furniture and other obstructions… other heavy furnishings in public spaces and along escape routes shall be secured in place to prevent shifting if the ship rolls or lists. Multiple passenger seats were found unbolted and stacked together; blocking emergency escape routes and exits without lashing or securing devices. 74 SOLAS (20) X/1.1, HSC Code 4.7.13

Cargo, cargo units and cargo transport units carried on or under deck shall be so loaded, stowed and secured as to prevent as far as practicable throughout the voyage, damage or hazard to the ship. Cargo Securing Manual onboard has an English and Spanish version with different verbiage and requirements for securing. Chief Mate provided Spanish version upon request first and explained that vehicles are only lashed/secured down when waves reach a certain height. Vessel is not stowing and securing vehicles in accordance with the updated English version of their cargo securing manual. 74 SOLAS (20) VI/5.1

The ring, lines and letters shall be painted in white of yellow on dark background or in black on light background. They shall also be permanently marked on the sides of the ship to the satisfaction of the administration. The mark shall be plainly visible. Deck line was painted blue on a blue background and blended in with the same color scheme of the vessel. Deck line was not painted black on light background. Plimsoll mark also missing paint and not plainly visible. 88 ICLL Annex I Reg 8

Decision support system for masters of passenger ships.. The system shall, as a minimum, consist of a printed emergency plan or plans. All foreseeable emergency situations shall be identified in the emergency plan or plan. Printed emergency plan(s) were not available upon inspection for any emergency, crew took 10+ minutes to find procedure information via ships computer. 74 SOLAS (20) III/29.3

The following maneuvering information prominently displayed on a fact sheet in the wheel house: a turning circle diagram to port and starboard that shows the time and distance and advance and transfer required to alter course 90 degrees with maximum rudder angle and constant power settings, for either full and half speeds, or for a full and slow speeds. Maneuvering information was not posted in the wheel house and Captain and Chief Mate were unfamiliar with its purpose or location. Other crew members were unable to provide any documentation electronically or hard copy. 33 CFR 164.35 (g.1)

In addition to the emergency lighting required by regulation II-1/42 and II-1/11.5, the means of escape, including stairways and exits, shall be marked by lighting or photoluminescence strip indicators placed not more than 300 mm above the deck at all points of the escape route, including angles and intersections. The marking must enable passengers to identify the routes of escape and readily identify the escape exits. 03 emergency lighting strips of the stairwell between the two passenger decks was inoperable. 74 SOLAS (20) III/29.6

The construction of all doors, and of door frames in fire resisting divisions, with the means of securing them when closed, should provide resistance to fire as well as to the passage of smoke and flame equivalent to that of the bulkheads in which they are situated. Fire screen door on upper car deck, starboard side did not close completely or secure, leaving a 6 inch opening. 74 SOLAS (20) X/1.1, HSC CODE 7.4.2.6

All engine exhaust systems should be adequate to assure the correct functioning of the machinery and that safe operation of the craft is not put at risk. PSCO's observed water pooling originating from main diesel engine exhaust raw cooling water pipe. Upon investigation. Chief Engineer identified minor leak in raw water pipe. 74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC 10.8.1

Passenger ships of 500 gross tonnage and over shall carry at least one rescue boat complying with the requirements of regulation 47 on each side of the ship. Port side rescue boat is non-operable and subsequently removed for repairs. Sector Miami received documentation permitting vessel to operate at reduced passenger count. New max: 450 Passengers 624 Persons on board 97 SOLAS III/20.2.1

Before the craft leaves port and at all times during the voyage, all lifesaving appliances shall be in working order and ready for immediate use. Starboard davit for rescue boat and cradle had catastrophic failure while retrieving the rescue boat during the abandon ship drill. Davit broke from its base and damaged supporting cradle arms, rendering inoperable. Prior to departing the US, submit documentation attesting to condition of repairs with flag attestation and/or condition of class. 74 SOLAS 20 X/3 HSC 8.9.1

Vessels which transit from Bimini, Bahamas, to Ft Lauderdale, Florida a voyage of less than 96 hours are required to submit a notice of arrival before departure, but at least 24 hours before arriving at the port. On or about September 15, 2021 at 1557 the M/F JAUME II submitted an eNOA for entry into Port Everglades at 20000 on September 15, 2021. 33CFR160.212(a)(4)(II)

The condition of the craft and its equipment should be maintained to conform with the provisions of this code to ensure that the craft in all respects will remain fit to operate without danger to the craft or the persons on board. PSCOs observed excessive oil leakage in port and starboard steering spaces causing all surfaces to be slippery presenting a potential hazard to the crew. Additionally, starboard side steering gear oil was found to be cloudy indicating possible water intrusion. 94HSC Code 1.7.1 16ac

During preparation and launching, the survival craft and the area of water…should be adequately illuminated. Port side aft liferafts lighting was observed with the electrical wiring severed. 94HSC Code 8.6.7 16ac

There should be a public address system covering all areas where passengers and crew have access. 05 public address speakers are not operational, 02 of the speakers are located at the embarkation stations. 94HSC Code 4.2.2 16ac

Fire doors bounding major fire hazard areas and stairway enclosures should satisfy the following requirements… The doors should be self closing. Port side aft engine room door does not properly self close. 94HSC Code 7.9.3.3.1 16ac

The reliability of machinery installed in the craft should be adequate for its intended purpose. Port inner main engine not operational. 1994HSC Code CH. 9 9.1.8 16ac

The construction and the means for securing the weathertightness of cargo and other hatchways in positions 1 and 2 shall be at least equivalent to the requirement of regulation 15 and 16 of this annex. Cargo hatchway added to starboard side does not provide a weathertight seal allowing the passage of water. ICLL 66 Annex 1, Reg 14(1)

... the presence of and adherence to a written shipboard garbage management plan. Vessel's plan requires the separation of garbage into properly labeled containers. PSCO observed mixed garbage of multiple categories. 33 CFR 151.63 (b) (4)

A line- throwing appliance complying with the requirement of regulation III/49 of the convention should be provided. All four line-throwing appliances on the bridge have expired charges. 94 HSC Code Ch, 8.8

The company should establish procedures to ensure that the ship is maintained in conformity with the provisions of the relevant rules and regulations and with any additional requirements which may be established by the company. In meeting these requirements, the company should ensure that; any non-conformity is reported with its possible causes, if known. Vessel failed to report that the port and starboard side water jet systems had numerous oil leaks and starboard outer hydraulic system oil sight glass shows signs of contamination. 74 SOLAS (14 Cons) IX/3.1 ISM Code 10.2.2

The condition of the craft and its equipment should be maintained to conform with the provisions of this code to ensure that the craft in all respects will remain fit to operate without danger to the craft or the persons onboard. PSCOs witnessed excessive oil leakage on the port and starboard side steering spaces that present a fire hazard. 94 HSC 1.07.1

The company of the ship shall comply with the requirements of the international safety management code. The company should establish procedures to ensure that the ship is maintained in conformity with the provisions of the relevant rules and regulations and with any additional requirements. The company should ensure that: Appropriate corrective action is taken. Vessel has submitted multiple requests to company for replacement of car deck lashing points. There are multiple points missing and/or broken throughout the car deck. 74 SOLAS (CONS 14) IX/3.1 ISM Code 10.2.3

Boundaries of special-category spaces should be insulated in accordance with tables 7.4-1 and 7.4-2 the bulkhead on the starboard side forward car deck should be class as an A60 boundary. PSCO observed this specific section of the bulkhead to be damaged compromising the fire protection of the boundary. PSCO also observed minor damage around the remaining car deck bulkheads. 94 HSC 7.8.1.1

The company should establish procedures to ensure that the ship is maintained in conformity with the provisions of the relevant rules and regulations and with any additional requirements which may be established by the company. In meeting these requirements, the company should ensure that: any non-conformity is reported, with its possible cause, if known. Vessel failed to report that the port outboard water jet system had numerous oil leaks and water ingress resulting in contaminated hydraulic fluid and discharging a sheen at or upon the waters of the U.S. 74SOLAS(14 Cons.)IX/3.1 ISM Code 10.2.2

The company should establish procedures to ensure that the ship is maintained in conformity with the provisions of the relevant rules and regulations and with any additional requirements which may be established by the company. In meeting these requirements, the company should ensure that: Appropriate corrective action is taken. The company did not take action to overhaul the hydraulic system in dry-dock knowing that the system contained numerous leaks. 74SOLAS(14 Cons.)IX/3.1 ISM Code 10.2.3

The condition of the craft and its equipment should be maintained to conform with the provisions of this code to ensure that the craft in all respects will remain fit to operate without danger to the craft or the persons on board. PSCO's observed excessive oil leakage in Port and Starboard steering spaces, oil leaks on No. 2 generator, and a broken temperature gauge. 94 HSC 1.07.1

Craft shall be provided with means for directional control of adequate strength and suitable design to enable crafts heading and direction of travel to be effectively controlled. Crafts starboard side inboard hydraulic pump was hunting/shuttering causing the system to operate erratically. 94 HSC 5.1.1

The company should establish procedures, plans and instructions, including checklists as appropriate, for key shipboard operations concerning the safety of the personnel, ship and protection of the environment. The various tasks should be defined and assigned to qualified personnel. Chapter 7 Annex 1 of the vessel’s SMS states that sailors with specific tasks on security are required to “keep an eye on the ship’s sides, both the shore side and the sea side.” There are no personnel assigned to monitor the ships sides. 74 SOLAS (14 Cons.) IX/3.1 ISM Code Reg. 7

The condition of the ship and its equipment shall be maintained to conform with the provisions of the present regulations to ensure that the ship in all respects will remain fit to proceed to sea without danger to the ship or persons on board. It was reported that port side jet failed due to a broken feedback cable rendering the port side propulsion inoperable.

[withheld — contains personal information; the deficiency system, dates, and resolution status are shown above]

Doors required to be self-closing shall not be tied with holdback hooks. PSCO’s found self-closing fire doors on both port and starboard engine room access ladders tied open with ratchet straps. Cite: 74 SOLAS (14 Cons.) II-2/9.4.2.2

001 111031 Posters or signs should be provide or in the vicinity of survival craft and their launching controls should illustrate the purpose of control and the procedures for operating the appliances and give relevant instructions and warnings. Labeling for marine evacuation systems are incorrect. 74 SOLAS (14) X/3.1.1 HSC CODE (94) 8.5

07199 All waste receptacles shall be constructed of non-combustible materials with no openings in the sides or bottom. Vessel carries 3 plastic trash cans on board vessel. 74 SOLAS (97) II-2/18.5

0936 - Craft shall be provided with means for directional control of adequate strength and suitable design to enable crafts heading and direction of travel to be effectively controlled. In the presence of the PSCO the crafts Portside steering ram is constantly hunting without being order to do so locally or remotely. Additionally relays incorporated into the steering system can be heard tripping on the bridge. HSC 5.1.1 17bc