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OBO DENIZ
OBO DENIZ is a 1973 tank ship. The Coast Guard has recorded 22 inspections since 1984, most recently in November 1996, along with 60 deficiencies and 1 operational control.
Records from 1984 to 1996. Most recent: inspection, 9 November 1996.
- Built
- 1973
- Last inspected
- 9 November 1996
- Documentation
- Not in the documentation file of 10 September 2026
- Deficiencies
- 60 recorded · 0 without a recorded resolution
- Controls
- None recorded without a removal date
Identity
7312414 View on MarineTraffic leaves Maury; a third-party site, nothing from it is stored here
TCMD
224247
Flag
CYPRUS
—
Maury page id
psix-224247
Inspections, by type
The 22 inspections in the strip above, split by the kind of activity the US
Coast Guard recorded. Years with a record are calendar years in which a record exists, not
years in service. What Maury does not do.
This record may be incomplete: the most recent inspection recorded for this vessel was 30 years ago. Maury shows what the Coast Guard recorded, not whether the vessel has been inspected since, is still in service, or what condition it is in. Coast Guard record current through 13 September 2026, retrieved 18 September 2026 from PSIX. Every field on this page was recorded by the Coast Guard. Records for the Tank Ship class in Maury's sources begin in 1980.
Documentation record
Tonnage as PSIX records it103231 - Dead Weight, Ton
35338 - Regulatory (Subpart C or D), Net Ton
56232 - Regulatory (Subpart C or D), Gross Ton
35338 - Regulatory (Subpart C or D), Net Ton
56232 - Regulatory (Subpart C or D), Gross Ton
This hull's Official Number is not in the NVDC file dated 10 September 2026 as served by NOAA Fisheries, so no documentation record is shown. Absence from that file is a fact about the file, not about the hull.
Radio station licence
No FCC ship-station licence is recorded against this Official Number in the file of
6 September 2026. That is a fact about the licence file, not about the radio.
Inspection history · 22
9 November 1996
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO HAMPTON ROADS · USCG East District (CGD-E) · Activity 396865
17 July 1996
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO Mobile · USCG Heartland District (CGD-H) · Activity 685631
15 July 1996
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO Mobile · USCG Heartland District (CGD-H) · Activity 200749
15 July 1996
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO Mobile · USCG Heartland District (CGD-H) · Activity 393069
15 July 1996
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO Mobile · USCG Heartland District (CGD-H) · Activity 759492
4 May 1996
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO HAMPTON ROADS · USCG East District (CGD-E) · Activity 390361
26 May 1995
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO HAMPTON ROADS · USCG East District (CGD-E) · Activity 378530
30 March 1993
Administrative
Administrative · MSU GALVESTON · USCG Heartland District (CGD-H) · Activity 836426
5 May 1992
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO HAMPTON ROADS · USCG East District (CGD-E) · Activity 358030
30 April 1992
Certificate of Compliance
Administrative · MSU GALVESTON · USCG Heartland District (CGD-H) · Activity 946754
26 January 1990
Certificate of Compliance
Administrative · MSO Mobile · USCG Heartland District (CGD-H) · Activity 1287005
21 January 1990
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO Corpus Christi · USCG Heartland District (CGD-H) · Activity 483023
21 January 1990
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO Corpus Christi · USCG Heartland District (CGD-H) · Activity 927704
28 May 1989
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO HAMPTON ROADS · USCG East District (CGD-E) · Activity 330467
28 May 1989
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO HAMPTON ROADS · USCG East District (CGD-E) · Activity 1347093
25 April 1989
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO HAMPTON ROADS · USCG East District (CGD-E) · Activity 329990
8 October 1988
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PHILADELPHIA · USCG East District (CGD-E) · Activity 496423
2 January 1988
Certificate of Compliance
Administrative · MIO PHILADELPHIA · USCG East District (CGD-E) · Activity 1316691
10 February 1987
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PORTLAND MAINE · USCG Northeast District (CGD-NE) · Activity 1010770
9 December 1986
Certificate of Compliance
Administrative · MIO PHILADELPHIA · USCG East District (CGD-E) · Activity 1334557
18 December 1985
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MIO PHILADELPHIA · USCG East District (CGD-E) · Activity 306725
3 December 1984
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MIO PHILADELPHIA · USCG East District (CGD-E) · Activity 299193
Deficiency record · 60
Fire Fighting
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
INSTALL A REMOTE FUEL CUT-OFF VALVE TO THE EMERGENCY FIRE PUMP SERVICE TANK. SEE SOLAS 60 II/69(c)
Lifesaving
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
REPAIR/RENEW ALL DETERIORATED LIFEBUOYS THROUGHOUT THE VESSEL. SEE SOLAS 74AMENDED III/19.2
Accommodation/Occupational Safety
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
REPAIR/PROVE OPERATION OF THE VENT CLOSURES ON #1 DECK HOUSE ANF THROUGHOUTTHE VESSEL. SEE SOLAS 60 II/47
Accommodation/Occupational Safety
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
RENEW/REPAIR MISSING/DETERIORATED GUARD RAILS ON TOP OF #1 DECK HOUSE, FORECASTLE AND PORT SIDE BOAT DECK._x001C_ SEE ICLL 66 ANNEX 1/25
Fire Fighting
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
PROVIDE SUITABLE MEANS TO PROTECT THE STBD SIDE FIRE PUMPS ELECTRICAL WIRING. SEE SOLAS 60 II/27
Fire Fighting
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
SERVICE/PROVE OPERATION OF THE SHIPS FIRE/SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM THROUGHOUTTHE VESSEL. SENSORS IN THE ENGINE ROOM WERE TESTED AND FAILED. SEE SOLAS 74AMENDED II-2/21
Electrical
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
REPAIR/RENEW INOPERABLE SIGNAL LIGHT FORWARD OF THE MAIN ENGINE UPPER LEVELOF ENGINE ROOM. SEE SOLAS 60 III/27
Lifesaving
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
IF THE AFT LIFEBOAT/WORKING BOAT STBD SIDE IS A WORKBOAT ONLY, THE BOAT MUST BE STENCILED TO REFLECT ITS STATUS.
Engineering
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
RENEW AS ORIGINAL ALL DETERIORATED PIPING IN THE ENGINE ROOM. THE FOLLOWINGSYSTEMS WERE OBSERVED FAULTY: (D) STEAM PIPING STBD SIDE OF MAIN ENGINE AFT-GENERATOR DECK, (E) SEA WATER COOLING PIPE FOR REFRIGERATORS IN WAY OF #1 GEN. SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED I-1/11(a)
Engineering
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
RENEW AS ORIGINAL ALL DETERIORATED PIPING IN THE ENGINE ROOM. THE FOLLOWINGSYSTEMS WERE OBSERVED FAULTY: (F) FIRE MAIN PIPING IN WAY OF #4 & 8 CARGO HOLDS AND REPLACE RUBBER HOSE IN ENGINE ROOM WITH METAL PIPING LOWER LEVEL IN FRONT OF MAIN ENGINE. SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED I-1/11(a)
Engineering
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
RENEW AS ORIGINAL ALL DETERIORATED PIPING IN THE ENGINE ROOM. THE FOLLOWINGSYSTEMS WERE OBSERVED FAULTY: (G) SEA WATER COOLING PIPING FOR #1 AND #2 S/S GENERATORS, (H) BOILER CONDENSOR HAS A WOODEN PLUG IN THE END BELL (BACK OF CONDENSOR). SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED I-1/11(a)
Lifesaving
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
RENEW RETRO-REFLECTIVE MATERIAL TO THE LIFEBOATS, LIFEJACKETS AND LIFEBUOYSIN ACCORDANCE WITH SOLAS 74 AMENDED III/30 AND IMO RES A658(16)
Lifesaving
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
RENEW ALL DETERIORATED/INOPERABLE LIFEJACKETS THROUGHOUT THE VESSEL. WHILE CONDUCTING THE INSPECTION EVERY LIFEJACKET THAT WAS TESTED BY THE BOARDING TEAM WAS DETERIORATED. SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED III/19.2
Lifesaving
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
RECONNECT THE PORT SIDE LIFEBOAT GRABRAIL. THE #3 & 4 ATTACHMENTS ARE DISCONNECTED. SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED III/19.2
Navigation
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT THE GYROCOMPASS REPEATERS HAVE BEEN SERVICED AND PROVE OPERATION. SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED V(12)(d)
Lifesaving
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING EQUIPMENT FOR THE PORT LIFEBOAT: (1) LAMP WITH OIL SIFFICIENT FOR 12 HOURS, (2) FIRST AID KIT IN A WATERTIGHT CASE. SEE SOLAS 60 III/11
Lifesaving
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING EQUIPMENT TO THE STBD LIFEBOAT: (1) ONE HATCHET, (2) A LAMP WITH OIL SUFFICIENT FOR 12 HOURS, (3) A VESSEL CONTAINING ONE GALLONOF VEGATABLE, FISH, OR ANIMAL OIL. SEE SOLAS 60 III/11
Electrical
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
PROVIDE PROTECTIVE GUARDS AROUND ALL MOVING MACHINERY PARTS. THE AIR CONDITIONER VENT BLOWERS ON THE 03 DECK DID NOT HAVE THE GUARDS. SEE ILO 147.
Navigation
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING UPDATED NAVIGATIONAL PUBLICATIONS ONBOARD: (A) U.S. COAST PILOT, (B) SAILING DIRECTIONS. SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED V/20 & 33 CFR 164.33(b)
Engineering
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
RENEW AS ORIGINAL ALL DETERIORATED PIPING IN THE ENGINE ROOM. THE FOLLOWINGSYSTEMS WERE OBSERVED FAULTY: (A) SEA WATER COOLING PIPE FOR AIR COMPRESSOR(B) MAIN ENGINE SEA WATER COOLING PIPING AND HEAT EXCHANGE UNIT, (C) BOILERFEED WATER PIPING IN WAY OF FEED WATER TANK. SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED I-1/11(a)
Fire Fighting
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
CONDUCT A SATISFACTORY FIRE AND ABANDON SHIP DRILL TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE ATTENDING U.S. COAST GUARD MARINE INSPECTOR. SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED III/18
Deck/Cargo
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
REMOVE ALL OIL & OILY RESIDUE FROM ALL CONTAINMENTS THROUGHOUT THE SHIP, THYE ENGINE ROOM BILGES, ENGINE ROOM BULKHEADS, OVERHEADS, DECKS AND MACHINERY. SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED I-1/11(a)
Electrical
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
REPAIR LUBE OIL LEAKS TO THE #1 & #3 S/S GENERATORS. WHILE PERFORMING THE INSPECTION THE INSPECTOR OBSERVED A STRAIGHT STREAM (MULTIPLE STREAMS) OF LUBE OIL FROM THE FRONT BEARINGS LEAKING INTO THE BILGE. SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED I-1/11(a)
Engineering
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
RENEW AS ORIGINAL ALL DETERIORATED PIPING IN THE ENGINE ROOM. THE FOLLOWINGSYSTEMS WERE OBSERVED FAULTY: (I) NOT IN THE ENGINE ROOM-IN WAY OF #4 CARGOHOLD STBD SIDE AN AIR SUPPLY LINE IS DETERIORATED, (J) VERIFY THAT THE MARINE SANITATION PIPINGS IN GOOD CONDITION. SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED I-1/11(a)
Lifesaving
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
RENEW ALL EXPIRED LIGHTS TO THE LIFEJACKETS ONBOARD THE VESSEL. SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED III/19.2
Electrical
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
PROPERLY SECURE THE ELECTRICAL WIRING ON TOP OF THE #1 DECK HOUSE. EXPOSED WIRES SHOULD BE TAPED/REMOVED. SEE SOLAS 60 II/27
Fire Fighting
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
RENEW/REPAIR ALL DETERIORATED FIRE HOSES THROUGHOUT THE VESSEL. PRESSURE TEST ALL HOSES IN THE ENGINE ROOM AND AROUND THE ACCOMMODATION SPACES. SEELSOLAS 74 AMENDED II-2/21
Fire Fighting
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
PROVIDE TO EACH FIRE STATION AN OPERABLE FIRE NOZZLE. SEE SOLAS 74 AMENDED II-2/21
Lifesaving
Issued 15 July 1996
Resolved
POSTERS OR SIGNS SHALL BE PROVIDED ON OR IN THE VICINITY OF SURVIVAL CRAFT AND THEIR LAUNCHING CONTROLS AND SHALL: ILLUSTRATE CONTROLS & HOW TO OPERATE APPLIANCES AND GIVE INST. OR WARNINGS,(B) BE EASILY SEEN IN EMERGENCYS,(C) USES SYMBOLS IAW IMO RES A603(15), & SOLAS 74 AMENDED III/9
Fire Fighting
Issued 4 May 1996
Resolved
REPLACE OR SERVICE THE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS IN THE EMERGENCY DIESEL GENERATORROOM AND STEERING GEAR FLAT._x001C_ _x001C_ SOLAS 74 AMENDED II-2/21
Navigation
Issued 4 May 1996
Resolved
PROVIDE CURRENT NAUTICAL CHARTS REQUIRED FOR TRANSIT WITHIN THE PORT OF HAMPTON ROADS, PRESENTLY OUTDATED._x001C_ _x001C_ 33 CFR 164.33(a)
Navigation
Issued 4 May 1996
Resolved
REPAIR PORT AND STARBOARD SIDE BRIDGE WING GYROREPEATERS._x001C_ _x001C_ _x001C_ 33 CFR 164.35(e)
Navigation
Issued 26 May 1995
Resolved
REPAIR THE BRIDGE RUDDER ANGLE INDICATOR TO PROVE THAT THE INDICATOR AGREESWITH THE ACTUAL RUDDER POSITION IN ACCORDANCE WITH SOLAS 60/II REGULATION 29 (a)(iv)
Lifesaving
Issued 26 May 1995
Resolved
PROPERLY INSTALL WEAK LINKS ON THE VESSEL'S LIFE RAFTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH SOLAS 60/III REGULATION 19.
Engineering
Issued 26 May 1995
Resolved
PROVIDE A MEANS OF CLOSING THE DRAIN ON THE CONTAINMENT FOR THE STARBOARD BUNKER.
Engineering
Issued 26 May 1995
Resolved
REMOVE PAPERS FROM OIL TRANSFER PROCEDURES THAT ARE NOT PART OF THE REQUIRED CONTENTS AND REORGANIZE CONTENTS TO MEET 33 CFR 155.750.
Lifesaving
Issued 26 May 1995
Resolved
MAKE REPAIRS TO THE TO BROKEN MOUNTS FOR GRABAR ON THE STARBOARD UNDERSIDE OF THE PORT LIFEBOAT.
Lifesaving
Issued 26 May 1995
Resolved
RESTOW ALL PAINT AND EQUIPMENT PRESENTLY STOWED PORTSIDE AFT IN THE MAIN DECK STORAGE ROOM IN THE VESSEL'S PAINT LOCKER.
Fire Fighting
Issued 26 May 1995
Resolved
RENEW THE VALVE HANDWHEEL AT THE FIRE STATION ON THE STACK DECK PORT SIDE.
Navigation
Issued 5 May 1992
Resolved
A VIO OF 33 C.F.R. 164.33(a)(1)(i) IN THAT THE U.S. CHARTS #12221, #12222 AND #12245 WERE NOT CORRECTED TO NTM 30/92, WHICH WAS REASONABLY AVAILABLE AND CONTAINED CORRECTIONS APPLICABLE TO THE VSL'S ROUTE FROM [VA CAPES/WOLFTRAP/YORK SPIT CHANNEL...NO FOREIGN EQUIVALENT ON BOARD.
Navigation
Issued 5 May 1992
Resolved
A VIO OF 33 C.F.R. 164.33(a)(2)(i) IN THAT THE U.S. COAST PILOT, VOL 3, USED BY THE VSL WAS NOT CORRECTED TO NTM 30/92, WHICH WAS REASONABLY AVAILABLE AND CONTAINED CORRECTIONS APPLICABLE TO THE VSL'S ROUTE FROM [VA_x001C_CAPES/SMITH PT]...NO FOREIGN EQUIVALENT ON BOARD.
Navigation
Issued 5 May 1992
Resolved
A VIO OF 33 C.F.R. 164.33A(a)(2)(ii) IN THAT THE USCG LIGHT LIST, VOL II, USED BY THE VSL, WAS NOT CORRECTED TO NTM 30/92 WHICH WAS REASONABLY AVAILABLE AND CONTAINED CORRECTIONS THAT WERE APPLICABLE TO THE VSL'S ROUTEFROM [VA CAPES/SMITH PT]...NO FOREIGN EQUIVALENT ON BOARD.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 30 April 1992
Resolved
FLAME SCREEN TO #2 PORT DOUBLE BOTTOM TANK NOT SEALING, REPAIR PRIOR TO OILTRANSFER.
Navigation
Issued 30 April 1992
Resolved
MAKE PERMANENT REPAIRS TO RADARS AND ARPA PRIOR TO DEPARTURE OF GALVESTON LIGHTERING AREA.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 30 April 1992
Resolved
MAKE PERMANENT REPAIRS TO SOFT PATCH ON IGS SCRUBBER UNIT PRIOR TO LOADING NEXT OIL CARGO. CLASS SOCIETY TO INSPECT REPAIR AND SEND REPORT TO O.C.M.I. GALVESTON, TEXAS
Deck/Cargo
Issued 30 April 1992
Resolved
MAKE PERMANENT REPAIRS TO PUMPROOM VENTING PRIOR TO LOADLINE NEXT OIL CARGO. HAVE VESSEL'S CLASS SOCIETY INSPECT REPAIRS AND SEND REPORT TO O.C.M.I. GALVESTON, TEXAS.
Construction/Loadline
Issued 21 January 1990
Resolved
REMOVE ALL CARGO FROM #2 STOOL SPACE AND MAINTAIN SPACE IN INERT OR GAS FREE CONDITION UNTIL SUCH TIME AS PERMANENT REPAIRS ARE MADE. PERMANENT REPAIRS ARE TO BE MADE TO RENDER #2 STOOL SPACE OIL TIGHT PRIOR TO ENTRY NEXT U.S. PORT.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 28 May 1989
Resolved
A VIO OF 33 CFR 155.750 IN THAT THE OTP REQ BY 33 CFR 155.720 WERE INCOMPLETE. THE OTP DID NOT CONTAIN NUMBER OF PERSONS REQ ON DUTY DURING OIL TRANSFER OPERATIONS.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 28 May 1989
Resolved
A VIO OF 33 CFR 155.750 IN THAT THE OTP REQ BY 33 CFR 155.720 WERE INCOMPLETE. THE OTP DID NOT CONTAIN DUTIES BY TITLE OF EACH OFFICER, PERSON-IN-CHARGE, TANKERMAN, DECKHAND, ETC., REQ FOR EACH OIL TRANSFER OPERATION.
Navigation
Issued 28 May 1989
Resolved
A VIO OF 33 CFR 164.11(R) IN THAT THE RADAR REQ BY 33 CFR 164.35(A) WAS NOTMAINTAINED IN AN OPERABLE CONDITION WHILE THE VSL WAS U/W IN THE NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE U.S.
Navigation
Issued 28 May 1989
Resolved
A VIO OF 33 CFR 164.38(B) IN THAT THE ARPA WAS NOT MAINTAINED IN AN OPERABLE CONDITION AS REQUIRED BY 33 CFR 164.11(R).
Unknown
Issued 28 May 1989
Resolved
[withheld — contains personal information; the deficiency system, dates, and resolution status are shown above]
Deck/Cargo
Issued 28 May 1989
Resolved
A VIO OF 33 CFR 155.750 IN THAT THE OTP REQ BY 33 CFR 155.720 WERE INCOMPLETE. THE OTP DID NOT CONTAIN A LIST OF EACH PRODUCT TRANSFERRED.
Construction/Loadline
Issued 28 May 1989
Resolved
MAKE PERMANENT REPAIRS TO LEAK IN BALLAST LINE FOR THE FWD PEAK TANK #1 & #2 DOUBLEBOTTOMS. REPAIRS TO BE MADE PRIOR TO RETURNING TO U.S. WATERS WHILE CARRYING BULK LIQUID CRUDE OIL.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 28 May 1989
Resolved
MAKE PERMANENT REPAIRS TO 2" HOLE IN ELBOW OF THE #2 CARGO PUMP DISCHARGE LINE. REPAIR TO BE MAKE PRIOR TO RETURNING TO U.S. WATERS WHILE CARRYING BULK LIQUID CRUDE OIL.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 2 January 1988
Resolved
VESSEL WAS FOUND IN VIOLATION OF 46CFR32-53 AND SOLAS 1974 1981 AMENDMENT CHAPTER 11-2 REG.62.ALL CARGO TANK WHERE FOUND ABOVE 8% O2 LEVEL AND HAD NO POSITIVE PRESSURE
Deck/Cargo
Issued 2 January 1988
Resolved
[withheld — contains personal information; the deficiency system, dates, and resolution status are shown above]
Deck/Cargo
Issued 9 December 1986
Resolved
PRIOR TO RETURN PORT OF PHILADELPHIA, MUST MAKE PERMANENT REPAIRS TO LEAK IN SUCTION LINE FOR THE GAS SEPERATING UNIT, FOR NO. 3 CARGO PUMP LOCATED IN THE CARGO PUMP ROOM. THIS LINE AND PUMP MUST NOT BE USED IN THE TRANSFER OF ANY CARGO UNTIL THE PERMANENT REPAIRS HAVE BEEN MADE.
Engineering
Issued 9 December 1986
Resolved
TEST THE NEWLY INSTALLED OILY-WATER SEPARATOR IN THE PRESENCE OF THE CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE REISSUANCE OF THE IOPP CERTIFICATE. MUST BE COMPLETED PRIOR TO RETURN TO PHILADELPHIA ZONE. ALL BILGE SLOPS ARE TO RETAINED ON BOARD AS STATED ON CURRENT IOPP CERT.
Navigation
Issued 9 December 1986
Resolved
MAKE PERMANENT REPAIRS TO VESSEL'S AUTOMATIC RADAR PLOTTING AID PRIOR TO DEPARTING PHILADELPHIA. COTP PHILADELPHIA MUST BE CONTACTED WHEN THE DEFICIENCY IS CORRECTED. (33 CFR 164.38)
Ownership record
The Coast Guard's documentation record for this hull -- the Abstract of Title,
with its owners and liens as filed -- is not in PSIX. Ask, and Maury buys it from the National
Vessel Documentation Center, files it here with its date, and every reader of this page gets it.