← All vessels
CHUCK W
Freight Barge · Barge class · Built 1970s · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Other hulls named CHUCK W
CHUCK W is a 1978 freight barge. The Coast Guard has recorded 77 inspections since 1984, most recently in March 2022, along with 52 deficiencies and 1 casualty investigation in 2008.
Records from 1984 to 2022. Most recent: inspection, 15 March 2022.
- Built
- 1978
- Last inspected
- 15 March 2022
- Documentation
- Valid · documentation file of 10 September 2026
- Deficiencies
- 52 recorded · 0 without a recorded resolution
- Controls
- None recorded without a removal date
- Casualties
- 1 investigation · 2008
Identity
599561
49964
Flag
UNITED STATES
—
Maury page id
psix-49964
Inspections, by type
…with no type recorded31
Years with a record
26 calendar years (1984–2022)
The 77 inspections in the strip above, split by the kind of activity the US
Coast Guard recorded. Years with a record are calendar years in which a record exists, not
years in service. What Maury does not do.
This record may be incomplete: the most recent inspection recorded for this vessel was 4 years ago. Maury shows what the Coast Guard recorded, not whether the vessel has been inspected since, is still in service, or what condition it is in. Coast Guard record current through 13 September 2026, retrieved 18 September 2026 from PSIX. Every field on this page was recorded by the Coast Guard. Records for the Barge class in Maury's sources begin in 1972.
Documentation record
Registered dimensions (L × B × D)230.0 ft × 60.0 ft × 15.9 ft
Registered tonnagegross 1,870 / net 1,870
ITC dimensions (L × B × D)Not recorded
ITC tonnageNot recorded
BuilderJEFFBOAT INCORPORATED · JEFFERSONVILLE, IN, UNITED STATES · built 1978
Hull materialSteel
PropulsionNot recorded
Hull shapeNot recorded
Hull configurationNot recorded
Hailing portRIO VISTA, CA
Trade endorsementsCoastwise, unrestricted, Registry
DocumentationValid · issued 26 March 2026 · expires 30 April 2027
Service, as the file records itFreight Barge
Hull formbarge (Maury's inference from propulsion, hull shape, material and length, rule hf-1; not a recorded fact)
Tonnage as PSIX records it1870 - Regulatory (Subpart C or D), Gross Ton
1870 - Regulatory (Subpart C or D), Net Ton
1870 - Regulatory (Subpart C or D), Net Ton
Every line above is a field of the National Vessel Documentation Center's file as served by NOAA Fisheries, dated 10 September 2026, matched to this hull on its Official Number. Registered and ITC measurements are two systems and are never combined. One snapshot is held so far; documentation history begins with the next.
Radio station licence
No FCC ship-station licence is recorded against this Official Number in the file of
6 September 2026. That is a fact about the licence file, not about the radio.
Inspection history · 77
15 March 2022
Internal Structural Exam · Administrative Inspection
Physical examination · Sector Puget Sound · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 7412210
28 April 2021
Administrative Inspection · Damage Survey · Load Line/Change of Employment
Physical examination · Sector Western Alaska and U.S. Arctic · USCG Arctic District (CGD-A) · Activity 7185125
30 July 2016
Type not recorded
No type recorded · Sector Western Alaska and U.S. Arctic · USCG Arctic District (CGD-A) · Activity 5959769
21 November 2008
Type not recorded
No type recorded · Marine Safety Unit Kodiak · USCG Arctic District (CGD-A) · Activity 3367210
21 November 2008
Damage Survey
Physical examination · Marine Safety Unit Kodiak · USCG Arctic District (CGD-A) · Activity 3367252
16 April 2008
Drydock Exam · Internal Structural Exam
Physical examination · Sector Puget Sound · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 3185497
19 June 2006
Administrative Inspection
Administrative · Marine Safety Center (MSC) · Activity 2684831
22 March 2006
Hull Examination · Internal Structural Exam
Physical examination · Sector Honolulu · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 2603209
8 June 2005
Annual Inspection
Physical examination · Sector Honolulu · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 2378568
15 April 2005
MTSA Verification
Physical examination · Sector Honolulu · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 2334950
28 May 2004
Annual Inspection
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 2056300
11 December 2003
Security Plan Review - ASP
Administrative · Marine Safety Center (MSC) · Activity 1964247
10 March 2003
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 1755279
7 March 2003
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 1754321
26 February 2003
Hull Examination · COI Inspection · Internal Structural Exam
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 1749577
27 December 2001
COI Inspection · Damage Survey · Deficiency Check
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 1474200
8 October 2001
Hull Examination
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 1423651
27 August 2001
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 1387159
2 August 2000
Damage Survey
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 1460451
9 May 2000
Deficiency Check
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 818428
25 April 2000
COI Inspection
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 1376144
13 December 1999
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 172025
20 July 1999
Deficiency Check
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 1103737
24 June 1999
Deficiency Check
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 1420156
26 May 1999
Re-Inspection
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 1360893
10 December 1998
Deficiency Check
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 809022
3 November 1998
Hull Examination
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 1427590
18 October 1998
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 100520
26 June 1998
Administrative
Administrative · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 792769
22 June 1998
Deficiency Check
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 792574
7 May 1998
COI Inspection
Physical examination · MSO HONOLULU · USCG Oceania District (CGD-O) · Activity 1468858
10 June 1997
Hull Examination
Physical examination · MSO PORTLAND, OREGON · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1404390
12 May 1997
Re-Inspection
Physical examination · MSO PORTLAND, OREGON · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1104772
22 August 1996
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PORTLAND, OREGON · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1087941
1 May 1996
COI Inspection
Physical examination · MSO PORTLAND, OREGON · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1355779
23 May 1995
Re-Inspection
Physical examination · MSO PORTLAND, OREGON · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1424102
9 May 1994
Hull Examination · COI Inspection
Physical examination · MSO PORTLAND, OREGON · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1443456
30 November 1993
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 450853
15 November 1993
Re-Inspection
Physical examination · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1138134
22 October 1993
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 503136
28 April 1993
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 458662
23 March 1993
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 437730
13 November 1992
COI Inspection
Physical examination · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 963057
20 October 1992
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 512610
11 May 1992
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 525292
22 January 1992
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PORTLAND, OREGON · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 947385
4 December 1991
Re-Inspection
Physical examination · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 942827
9 September 1991
Hull Examination
Physical examination · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1245664
7 March 1991
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 498099
16 November 1990
COI Inspection
Physical examination · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1244126
14 September 1990
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 486715
1 February 1990
Examination of Repairs
Physical examination · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1235607
15 November 1989
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 905279
7 November 1989
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 453545
7 November 1989
Re-Inspection
Physical examination · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1341182
4 May 1989
Hull Examination
Physical examination · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1351653
23 December 1988
Administrative
Administrative · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1033842
17 November 1988
COI Inspection
Physical examination · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 894502
21 September 1988
Administrative
Administrative · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1350746
2 September 1988
Administrative
Administrative · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1040831
16 July 1988
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 502663
17 December 1987
Deficiency Check
Physical examination · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1314376
1 December 1987
Re-Inspection
Physical examination · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1308372
9 November 1987
Administrative
Administrative · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1023550
30 September 1987
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 511349
16 September 1987
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 534332
8 April 1987
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 315379
9 March 1987
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 446975
29 December 1986
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 476959
19 November 1986
COI Inspection · Hull Examination
Physical examination · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1325167
28 June 1986
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 540012
6 December 1985
Re-Inspection
Physical examination · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 995466
4 December 1985
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 502388
1 August 1985
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 458142
13 June 1985
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 463742
3 February 1985
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 487358
16 November 1984
Type not recorded
No type recorded · MSO PUGET SOUND · USCG Northwest District (CGD-NW) · Activity 1284591
Deficiency record · 52
Pollution Prevention/Response › Prevention Equipment › Fixed Containment
Issued 8 June 2005
Resolved
Provide repair proposal for permanent repairs to crack in fwd stbd containment.
Pollution Prevention/Response › Prevention Equipment › Drains/Scuppers (means of closure)
Issued 8 June 2005
Resolved
Provide containment plug for port side mainfold.
Communications › Visual Communication › Warning Sign (gangway)
Issued 8 June 2005
Resolved
Ensure warning sign is visible from all access points, port and stbd side.
Deck/Cargo › Cargo Transfer/Lightering (liquid) › Transfer Hose
Issued 8 June 2005
Resolved
Hydrostatic test needs to be completed for: 1) 6" hose labeled SBV-200-0927 and 2) both 4" hoses.
Engineering › Fuel Oil Service System › Vent Pipe
Issued 8 June 2005
Resolved
Replace/renew diesel storage tank vent prior to completion of next scheduled drydock.
Documentation › Safety/Response Plans/Programs › Vessel Response Plan
Issued 8 June 2005
Resolved
Provide written annual review ltr for VRP annual review.
Construction/Loadline › Structures › Door
Issued 28 May 2004
Resolved
Replace gasket on aft deckhouse hatch.
Construction/Loadline › Structures › Door
Issued 28 May 2004
Resolved
Replace watertight door (forward) on deckhouse.
Deck/Cargo › Cargo Stowage › General
Issued 28 May 2004
Resolved
replace screen in tank 3P vent.
Accommodation/Occupational Safety › Occupational Safety › Tripping/Falling Hazard
Issued 28 May 2004
Resolved
Renew lens on deck lighting atop deck house.
Deck/Cargo › Cargo Transfer/Lightering (liquid) › Cargo Pump
Issued 28 May 2004
Resolved
Renew pump cover on pump just aft of deckhouse - starboard side.
Accommodation/Occupational Safety › Occupational Safety › Spark Producing Device
Issued 28 May 2004
Resolved
Make lighting intrinsically safe in deckhouse.
Stability › Unintentional Flooding › General
Issued 28 May 2004
Resolved
Renew vent piping on following tanks : 4S, 3P, 2P, 2S, 1P, 1S, Forward rake.
Operations/Management › Cargo Transfer/Lightering › Fires, Matches, Smoking
Issued 28 May 2004
Resolved
Provide warning signs on deck house.
Electrical › Electric Generation Source (service) › Generator
Issued 28 May 2004
Resolved
complete loss of lube oil trip w/inspector.
Construction/Loadline › Markings
Issued 27 February 2003
Resolved
Mechanically scale deck edge in vicinity of stbd deck reference line and remark deck reference line. LEGACY COMPONENT DESC: Load Line Mark
Pollution Prevention/Response › Prevention Equipment
Issued 27 February 2003
Resolved
Replace holed drain pipe from pipeline containment box located stbd and aft of the deck house. LEGACY COMPONENT DESC: Drains/Scuppers (means of closure)
Fire Fighting › Ventilation Systems
Issued 27 February 2003
Resolved
Replace centerline vent cover at forward end of deck house. LEGACY COMPONENT DESC: Deck House Vent Closure
Engineering › Diesel Engine (propulsion/auxiliary-electric)
Issued 27 February 2003
Resolved
Identify and repair fuel leak in vicinity of the racor filter for the generator. LEGACY COMPONENT DESC: Fuel Filter
Documentation › Certificates/Documents
Issued 27 February 2003
Resolved
Provide current loadline certificate. LEGACY COMPONENT DESC: International Load Line Certificate
Fire Fighting › Ventilation Systems
Issued 27 February 2003
Resolved
Replace slightly damaged flame screens for cargo tanks #2 Port, #6 Port and #6 Starboard.
Construction/Loadline › Structures › Deck Plating
Issued 27 December 2001
Resolved
Provide repair proposal for deck & internal fractures identified as part of Class 1 Sturctural Failure.
Construction/Loadline › Hull › Hull Plating
Issued 27 December 2001
Resolved
Conduct monthly exams of vessel's tank top and internal structural condition and provide reports to the cognizant OCMI.
Construction/Loadline › Hull › Hull Plating
Issued 27 December 2001
Resolved
Make vessel available for internal structural exam to the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI on a quarterly basis. The first exam to be conducted not later than 30JUN2002.
Fire Fighting › Portable Dry Chemical Fire Extinguisher › Mounting Bracket
Issued 27 December 2001
Resolved
Prior to operating machinery provide proper mounting bracket for (01) 5 lb dry-chemical portable extinguisher, or replace with appropiate extinguisher in existing bracket.
Construction/Loadline
Issued 8 October 2001
Resolved
Prior to carrying cargo make permanent repairs to fractures in the main deck in way of #2, #3, and #4 cargo tank expansion trunks.
Construction/Loadline
Issued 27 August 2001
Resolved
FWD RAKE, AFFECT PERMANENT REPAIRS TO VARIOUS FRACTURES AT LONGS/GUSSETS/FRAMES.
Construction/Loadline
Issued 27 August 2001
Resolved
Forward rake (stbd): Affect permanent repairs to through-hull breach/fracture; at #8 bottom long in way of deck. To be completed at next dry-dock, no later than 01OCT01.
Construction/Loadline
Issued 27 August 2001
Resolved
Affect permanent repairs to fractures to #1 and centerline vert frames in way of deck (port main deck, forward bow).
Construction/Loadline
Issued 27 August 2001
Resolved
#1 PORT CARGO TANK; AFFECT REPAIRS TO MISL FRACTURES OF LONGS/GUSSETS/FRAMES.
Lifesaving
Issued 25 April 2000
Resolved
Prove proper operation of the port deck light to the satisfaction of the attending marine inspector. 33CFR155.790.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 26 May 1999
Resolved
Repair cargo hose rack or hose flange to remove kinking of cargo hose on port side aft.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 26 May 1999
Resolved
Make permanent repairs to #3s vent/relief pipe.
Electrical
Issued 26 May 1999
Resolved
Prove proper operations of deck lighting.
Construction/Loadline
Issued 3 November 1998
Resolved
Provide strainer for bilge suction line in forward rake to the satisfactionof the attending marine inspector prior to 03DEC98.
Engineering
Issued 7 May 1998
Resolved
Remove screen taped to gooseneck vent pipe and make permanent repair to diesel fuel tank vent for prime movers.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 7 May 1998
Resolved
Install a label for #4 starboard tank valve.
Documentation
Issued 1 May 1996
Resolved
PROVIDE APPROVED SOPEP TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE COGNIZANT [name withheld] TO RIVERS ROUTE UNTIL COMPLETION.
Construction/Loadline
Issued 9 May 1994
Resolved
MAKE PROPER REPAIRS TO 2 CM FRACTURE IN SHELL PLATE LOCATED ABOVE BILGE TURN IN #6P CARGO TANK AT AFT BULKHEAD.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 17 November 1988
Resolved
TEST CARGO PUMP RELIEF VALVE IAW 46 CFR 35.35-70 PRIOR TO CARGO PUMP DISCHARGE OPERATION AND NO LATTER THAN 30 NOV 1988 TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE ATTENDING CG MARINE INSPECTOR.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 1 December 1987
Resolved
PROPERLY TEST THE CARGO PIPING TO 1.5 X MAWP, CALIBRATE PRESSURE GAUGES, AND TEST RELIEF VALVES. MAKE PROPER ENTRIES IN LOGBOOK AND PROVIDE A COPY TO THIS OFFICE. TO BE COMPLETED AT NEXT CARGO TRANSFER.
Construction/Loadline
Issued 1 December 1987
Resolved
MAKE PERMANENT REPAIRS TO AFT STBD SIDESHELL IN AFT RAKE IN WAY OF 5" X 5" SQUARE INSERT BETWEEN #1-2 LONGITUDINALS FROM BOTTOM, AT THE NEXT REGULAR DRYDOCKING.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 1 December 1987
Resolved
SECURE AFT PUMPROOM ENGINE SPACE GAS-TIGHT DOOR. THIS DOOR SHALL BE KEPT CLOSED DURING CARGO TRANSFER OPERATIONS UNTIL A PERMANENT PROPOSAL TO COME INTO COMPLIANCE WITH 46 CFR 111.105-31(L)&(M) IS SUBMITTED. LABEL DOOR OR MAKE STATEMENT IN OIL XFR PROC. TO KEEP DOOR CLOSED DURING TRANSFER OPS.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 1 December 1987
Resolved
MAKE CARGO PUMP SHAFT PENETRATIONS (2) THROUGH PUMP ENGINE SPACE BULKHEAD GAS TIGHT.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 1 December 1987
Resolved
MAKE HOLES IN BOTTOM OF ENGINE SPACE (WHERE HOSES HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY) GAS TIGHT TO SEPARATE FROM A HAZARDOUS AREA.
Unknown
Issued 19 November 1986
Resolved
REPLACE OR REMARK SIGNS MARKING EMERGENCY SHUT OFF SWITCHES ON DECK FORWARDAND AFT OR PUMP HOUSE.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 19 November 1986
Resolved
MARK BOTH CARGO BOOMS WITH SAFE WORKING LOAD AND MINIMUM ANGLE FROM HORIZONTAL AS PER 46 CFR 31.37-45.
Unknown
Issued 19 November 1986
Resolved
PROVIDE SIGN OR MARKING WARNING AGAINST OPERATION OF RADIO DURING TRANSFER OPERATIONS AS PER 46 CFR 35.30-1(C). MAY ALSO INSTALL INTRINSICALLY SAFE RADIO OR REMOVE RADIO ALL TOGETHER.
Construction/Loadline
Issued 19 November 1986
Resolved
PROVIDE COPY OF GAGING REPORT DONE 18NOV86 TO COAST GUARD.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 19 November 1986
Resolved
CONDUCT AND PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF TEST OF CARGO PUMP RELIEF VALVES PRIOR TO DISCHARGING CARGO.
Deck/Cargo
Issued 19 November 1986
Resolved
CONDUCT AND PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF ANNUAL HYDRO TEST FOR ALL DECK CARGO PIPINGPRIOR TO LOADING CARGO. (HYDRO TO AT LEAST 225 PSI).
Deck/Cargo
Issued 19 November 1986
Resolved
CONDUCT AND PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF SERVICING OF ALL CARGO DISCHARGE GAGES.
Casualty record · 1
21 November 2008Routine · role: Involved in a Marine Casualty · activity 3367210
Each line is an incident investigation the Coast Guard recorded with this hull among the vessels involved, with the date and the classification the Coast Guard gave it, and the bridge, lock or dam the investigation names where it names one. Involvement is not fault. The investigation narrative is not published. Source: IIR, through 2026.
Recorded names · 1
KRS 230-7 (2008). Names as the Coast Guard recorded them in incident records, with the years they appear; some are renames and some are spelling variants.
Ownership record
The Coast Guard's documentation record for this hull -- the Abstract of Title,
with its owners and liens as filed -- is not in PSIX. Ask, and Maury buys it from the National
Vessel Documentation Center, files it here with its date, and every reader of this page gets it.